Dengue Literature Review

Southeast Asia

3 min read

Southeast Asia

Overview

Southeast Asia is the original endemic heartland of dengue virus infection and the region with the greatest historical burden of DHF/DSS. All four DENV serotypes co-circulate continuously, making sequential heterotypic infections and the attendant ADE-mediated severe disease frequent. Countries including Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia have contributed the foundational clinical and mechanistic dengue research that defines current understanding of DHF/DSS pathogenesis.

This wiki currently has detailed coverage of five SEA countries: Thailand, Singapore, Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia (below). Thin coverage also exists for Cambodia. Thailand, Singapore, Philippines, and Vietnam each have standalone pages with ≥2 source papers; see those pages for detailed country-level data.

Key Points from Literature

Cambodia

(Formerly a standalone page; folded here as a thin page — 1 source.)

Cambodia is a dengue-endemic country with year-round transmission driven by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue is a leading cause of paediatric hospitalisation. The Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC) in Phnom Penh serves as the national reference centre for arboviral diseases including dengue and has conducted prospective cohort studies in Kampong Cham province. Cambodia is classified as hyperendemic with all four DENV serotypes circulating; DENV-1 was the dominant serotype in the documented 2012–2013 research cohort.

Cohort characteristics — Kampong Cham 2012–2013 (see Vo2020 - Autoantibody Profiling in Dengue):

  • Samples from three hospitals in Kampong Cham City and district hospitals, June–October 2012 and 2013
  • DENV-1 dominant: 72.7% ASD, 76.9% DF, 87.5% DHF patients infected with DENV-1; DENV-2 and DENV-4 as minority serotypes
  • n=40 DENV-positive (11 ASD, 13 DF, 8 DHF) + 8 healthy donors; classified by WHO 1997 criteria
  • All 8 DHF patients were secondary infection; no primary-infection DHF in this cohort
  • Viral load significantly higher in DHF (6.21×10⁴ copies/mL) than ASD (1.17×10³ copies/mL, p=0.02)
  • Autoantibody profiling via 123-antigen protein microarray: 80 IgM + 6 IgG autoantibodies elevated vs. healthy donors; primary > secondary IgG autoantibody inversion; 19 IgG autoantibodies positively correlated with platelet counts in DHF

Remaining gap: The single published Cambodian study in this wiki covers autoantibody profiling only; no epidemiological survey of serotype distribution or incidence over time is represented. Institut Pasteur du Cambodge has published multiple dengue papers from Kampong Cham — additional Cambodian papers would reach the ≥2 threshold for a standalone page.

Contradictions & Debates

  • No within-region comparisons are currently possible across country-level studies in this wiki — different methods, settings, and endpoints prevent direct cross-country numeric comparisons of autoantibody levels or disease severity distributions.

Sources

  • Vo2020 - Autoantibody Profiling in Dengue (Cambodia § only; Kampong Cham 2012–2013 pediatric cohort; DENV-1 dominant; protein microarray autoantibody profiling; primary > secondary IgG inversion; 19 IgG autoantibodies positively correlated with platelet count in DHF)

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